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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Vicarious nucleophilic substitution ： ウィキペディア英語版 Vicarious nucleophilic substitution In organic chemistry, the vicarious nucleophilic substitution is a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution in which a nucleophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring and not leaving groups such as halogen substituents which are ordinarily encountered in SNAr. This reaction type was reviewed in 1987 by Polish chemists Mieczysław Mąkosza and Jerzy Winiarski.〔''Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen.'' Mieczysław Mąkosza and Jerzy Winiarski. Acc. Chem. Res.; 1987; 20(8) pp 282 - 289; 〕〔''Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen'' Mieczysław Mąkosza Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 559-564, 1997 (Article link ).〕 It is typically encountered with nitroarenes and especially with nucleophiles, resulting in alkylated arenes: the new substituent can take the ''ortho'' or ''para'' positions, reversing the selectivity for the ''meta'' position that is usually observed with such compounds under electrophilic substitution. Carbon nucleophiles carry an electron-withdrawing group and a leaving group: the nucleophile attacks the aromatic ring, and excess base can eliminate to form an exocyclic double bond which is successively protonated under acidic conditions, restoring aromaticity. : ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vicarious nucleophilic substitution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.